Stimulation of mouse hematopoietic stem cells by angiogenin and DNA preparations

Immature hematopoietic progenitors are a constant source for renewal of hemocyte populations and the basic component of the tissue and cell repair apparatus. A unique property of these cells of internalizing extracellular double-stranded DNA has been previously shown. The leukostimulatory effect demonstrated in our pioneering studies was considered to be due to the feature of this cell. In the present research, we have analyzed the effects of DNA genome reconstructor preparation (DNAgr), DNAmix, and human recombinant angiogenin on both hematopoietic stem cells and multipotent progenitors. Treatment with bone marrow cells of experimental mice with these preparations stimulates colony formation by hematopoietic stem cells and proliferation of multipotent descendants. The main lineage responsible for this is the granulocyte-macrophage hematopoietic lineage. Using fluorescent microscopy as well as FACS assay, co-localization of primitive c-Kit- and Sca-1-positive progenitors and the TAMRA-labeled double-stranded DNA has been shown. Human recombinant angiogenin was used as a reference agent. Cells with specific markers were quantified in intact bone marrow and colonies grown in the presence of inducers. Quantitative analysis revealed that a total of 14,000 fragment copies of 500 bp, which is 0.2% of the haploid genome, can be delivered into early progenitors. Extracellular double-stranded DNA fragments stimulated the colony formation in early hematopoietic progenitors from the bone marrow, which assumed their effect on cells in G0. The observed number of Sca1+/c-Kit+ cells in colonies testifies to the possibility of both symmetrical and asymmetrical division of the initial hematopoietic stem cell and its progeny.

Sex and Body Mass Index differences after one-year follow-up of an eating disorders risk factors universal prevention intervention in university students in Mexico City / Diferencias por sexo e índice de masa corporal a un año de seguimiento de una intervención de prevención universal para disminuir factores de riesgo para los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria en estudiantes universitarios de la Ciudad de México

Abstract Introduction Interventions based on cognitive dissonance theory are the most effective for preventing eating disorders. Objective To identify the changes at one year follow-up of a universal prevention intervention in disordered eating behaviors (DEB), thin-ideal internalization (TII), and drive for muscularity (DM). Method A pre-experimental, pretest-posttest study was conducted on 602 university student subjects (76.1% women and 23.9% men) with an average age of 20.74 years at a public (30.6%) and a private university (69.4%) in Mexico City. A Split Plot ANOVA was performed with the intrasubject variable equal to each measurement (pretest, posttest, and follow-up), as well as the sex and body mass index (BMI) intersubject variables to analyze whether there was a significant interaction between these variables and the changes in dependent variables, as well as the changes through each measurement by group. Results In the intrasubject analyses, statistically significant differences were found for DEB through the various measurements, without taking the interactions into account. Statistically significant interactions were observed between each measurement and BMI, and between each measurement and sex and BMI for the DM variable. Discussion and conclusion Since a reduction of TII in women and DM in men was achieved, together with a decrease in DEB in women, the workshop can be said to have fully achieved its objectives for women and partly so for men.

Resumen Introducción Las intervenciones basadas en la teoría de la disonancia cognoscitiva son las más efectivas para la prevención de los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria. Objetivo Conocer los cambios a un año de seguimiento de una intervención de prevención universal en las conductas alimentarias de riesgo (CAR), interiorización del ideal estético de la delgadez (IED) y la motivación por la musculatura (MM). Método Se llevó a cabo un estudio pre-experimental pretest-postest en 602 (76.1% mujeres y 23.9% hombres) sujetos estudiantes universitarios con una edad promedio de 20.74 años en una universidad pública (30.6%) y una privada (69.4%) de la Ciudad de México. Se realizó un ANOVA split plot con la variable intrasujetos igual a cada medición (pretest, postest y seguimiento) así como el sexo y el índice de masa corporal (IMC) variables intersujetos, para analizar si existía una interacción significativa entre dichas variables y los cambios sobre las variables dependientes, así como los cambios a través de cada medición por grupo. Resultados en los análisis intrasujetos se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas para las CAR a través de las distintas mediciones, sin tomar en cuenta las interacciones. Se observaron interacciones estadísticamente significativas entre cada medición y el IMC, y entre cada medición con el sexo y el IMC para la variable MM. Discusión y conclusión Se logró la reducción de la IED en las mujeres y de la MM en los hombres, así como la disminución de las CAR en las mujeres por lo que se considera que el taller logra sus objetivos para las mujeres y parcialmente para los varones.

Effects of disordered eating behaviors and sedentary lifestyle prevention program in male and female Mexican adolescents / Efectos de un programa de prevención de conductas alimentarias de riesgo y sedentarismo en adolescentes mexicanos, hombres y mujeres

Abstract Introduction Adolescents are the group with the highest risk of developing disordered eating behaviors (DEB). Preventing this problem is of the utmost importance due to the physical and psychological consequences. Objective To evaluate the effects of a universal prevention program for disordered eating behaviors (DEB), thin ideal internalization (TII), drive for muscularity (DM), and sedentary lifestyle among Mexican adolescents. Method A quasi-experimental study with repeated measures (pre-test, post-test, six-month, and one-year follow-up) was carried out in a non-probabilistic sample of 523 adolescents (46.7% of females) aged 15-19 years (Mage = 16.07). We worked in two private high schools, one of them was designed as control group (CG), and the other as intervention group (IG). For both, female and male adolescents', data were collected using the Brief Questionnaire for Disordered Eating Behaviors (BQDEB) and the short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). To evaluate TII the Attitudes toward Body Figure Questionnaire was applied in females, while in males Drive for Muscularity Scale (DMS) was used. Results After one-year, repeated measures analyses of variance (ANOVAs) revealed a significant reduction of the mean DEBs scores both in female (p = .01) and male (p = .03) adolescents of the IG with respect to CG. In IG, females decreased significantly the mean TII score as well as the mean DM score in males. Physical Activity increased in IG females from pre-test to posttest; however, the effect was not maintained over time. Discussion and conclusion These findings have important implications for future interventions with Mexican adolescents. We must take sex differences into account to choose activities and strategies that will enhance the effects of the program.

Resumen Introducción Los adolescentes constituyen el grupo con mayor riesgo de desarrollar conductas alimentarias de riesgo (CAR). Prevenirlas es de suma importancia debido a las consecuencias físicas y psicosociales. Objetivo Evaluar los efectos de un programa de prevención universal en conductas alimentarias de riesgo (CAR), interiorización del ideal de delgadez (IID), obsesión por la musculatura (OM) y sedentarismo en adolescentes mexicanos. Método Estudio cuasi-experimental con medidas repetidas (pre-test, post-test, seguimiento a seis meses y un año) en una muestra no probabilística de 523 adolescentes (46.7% mujeres) de 15-19 años de edad (Medad = 16.07). Se trabajó en dos escuelas preparatorias privadas, una como grupo control (GC) y otra como grupo intervenido (GI). Para mujeres y hombres, los datos se recolectaron usando el Cuestionario Breve para Conductas Alimentarias de Riesgo (CBCAR) y la versión corta del Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física (IPAQ). Para evaluar el IID en mujeres, se utilizó el Cuestionario de Actitudes hacia la Figura Corporal (CAFC) y en hombres la Escala para Obsesión por la Musculatura (DMS). Resultados Después de un año, el ANOVA de medidas repetidas mostró una reducción significativa en la media de CAR, tanto en mujeres (p = .01) como en hombres (p = .03) del GI respecto al GC. En el GI, la media de IID en mujeres disminuyó significativamente, así como la media de OM en hombres. La actividad física aumentó en las mujeres del GI desde el pre-test hasta el post-test; sin embargo, el efecto no se mantuvo en el tiempo. Discusión y conclusión Estos hallazgos tienen implicaciones para futuras intervenciones con adolescentes mexicanos. Se deben tomar en cuenta las diferencias por sexo para elegir las actividades y las estrategias que potenciarían los efectos del programa.

El Cuidado de Sí desde una Perspectiva Relacional / Self-Care from a Relational Perspective

Resumen El cuidado de sí no es una capacidad que el individuo adquiere de manera ais lada o con el simple paso de una edad a otra, sino que se origina en un contexto relacional temprano y, como tarea del desarrollo, constituye un hito importante de cara al establecimiento de relaciones maduras en la adultez.

Abstract Self-care is not a capacity that the individual acquires in isolation or with the simple passage from one age to another, but it originates in an early relational context and, as a developmental task, it constitutes an important milestone toward the establishment of mature relationships in adulthood.

Riesgo para desarrollar interiorización del ideal estético de la delgadez en adolescentes mexicanas Título abreviado: Asociación de riesgo e ideal estético de delgadez / Risk to develop body thin-ideal internalization in Mexican female adolescents

Resumen En mujeres se ha reportado que a mayor índice de masa corporal (IMC), mayor interiorización del ideal estético de la delgadez (IIED), y mayor seguimiento de conductas alimentarias de riesgo (CAR). El objetivo de esta investigación consistió en determinar la presencia de CAR y de IIED en mujeres adolescentes de Hidalgo, México y su asociación tanto entre ellas como con el IMC, el porcentaje de grasa corporal (PGC), los tiempos de comida (TC) y la actividad física (AF). El estudio fue de tipo transversal con un diseño no experimental descriptivo y de asociación en una muestra no probabilística de 220 mujeres de preparatoria, de entre 14 a 18 años de edad (Medad= 15.9 ± .99), quienes respondieron una batería de cuestionarios validados. Para obtener el IMC, cada participante fue pesada y medida, mientras que el PGC se obtuvo por bioimpedancia eléctrica. Los resultados arrojaron que 17.3 % de la muestra presentó riesgo moderado y 15.5 % alto de CAR; mientras que 23.2 % registró riesgo de IIED. Se encontró que el IMC aumenta significativamente 2.7 veces el riesgo de IIED y de CAR 2.5 veces; la IIED incrementa 11.8 veces el riesgo de CAR (Odd Ratio; . < .05). Se concluye que, en la muestra de estudio, las CAR y la IIED están presentes; que a mayor IIED mayor riesgo de estas y que un exceso de peso corporal, basado en el IMC, aumenta el riesgo tanto de CAR como de IIED. Es necesario que los programas de prevención para mujeres adolescentes consideren lo anterior de manera conjunta para garantizar su éxito.

Abstract It has been reported that when females increase their body mass index (BMI), body thin-ideal internalization (BTII) increased too, as well as disordered eating behaviors (DEB). The aim of this study was to assess the presence of DEB and BTII in adolescent females from Hidalgo, Mexico. We also analyze the association between both variables, and between BMI, body fat percentage (BFP), meal times (MT) and physical activity (PA). A cross-sectional non-experimental descriptive and of association study was carried out in a no probabilistic sample of 220 high school females, aged from 14 to 18 (Mage= 15.9 ± .99). Self-reported validated questionnaires in Mexican samples were used to assess each one of the variables: the Brief Questionnaire for Risky Eating Behaviors, the Attitudes toward Body Figure Questionnaire, Risk Factors Associated to Eating Disorders for Mexican Pubescents Questionnaire (only the meal times factor was used) and the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). BMI was obtained by measuring each subject's weight and height; the body fat percentage (BFP) was measured through Biolectrical Impedance. The protocol was revised and approved by the Ethics and Research Committee of Health Sciences Institute of the Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo. Descriptive analyses were held, as well as Odd Ratio to estimate the risk association. Total sample showed 17.3 % of moderate risk and 15.5 % of high risk for developing DEB; 23.2 % of the sample reported risk for BTII. From the total of females with DEB (moderate and high risk) 68.6 % also scored risk of body thin-ideal internalization. According to the BMI, results showed that 29.5 % of the sample had overweight and obesity; meanwhile for the BFP in the same categories the value was 85 %. The analysis by BMI showed that adolescents with overweigh (50 % and 39.1 %, respectively) and obesity (47.4 % and 31.6 %, respectively) achieved the highest values for both, DEB and BTII. Interestingly, participants with normal BMI had also important percentages for DEB (26.9 %) as well as BTII (17.9 %). With respect to BFP, females with overweight (41.5 % and 24.4 %, respectively) and obesity (35.6 % and 25.3 %, respectively) had the highest percentages for both DEB and BTII. Again, adolescents with normal BFP showed percentages for DEB (6.4%) and BTII (9.7 %). Findings showed that 68.6 % of the participants with risk of IIED, "never" and "few times" used to eliminate the dinner, and that 80.5 % of the sample had low level for PA. We found that BMI increases significantly 2.7 times the risk of BTII as well as 2.5 times the risk of DEB; BTII increases 11.8 times the risk of DE (Odd Ratio; p < .05). From the present data, it can be concluded that DEB and BTII are present in the sample studied, and its prevalence were higher than other studies among Mexican females. We also concluded that overweight and obese subjects, for both BMI and BFP, were the ones that obtained the higher percentages of DEB and BTII. Finally, BMI increased significantly the risk of DEB and BTII, as well as BTII increased significantly the risk of DEB. It is necessary that female adolescent prevention programs take into account this in a joint way to guarantee their success.

Adesão, internalização e sobrevivência de Salmonella spp. e Listeria monocytogenes em mangas (Mangifera indica), variedade 'Tommy Atkins' / Adhesion, internalization and survival of Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes in mangoes (Mangifera indica), variety 'Tommy Atkins'

Surtos de salmonelose e listeriose associados ao consumo de frutas inteiras ou minimamente processadas ocorrem com frequência. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a capacidade de adesão e internalização de Salmonella spp. e Listeria monocytogenes em mangas (Mangifera indica) variedade Tommy Atkins, em diferentes condições de contaminação experimental e tratamento hidrotérmico, bem como avaliar a multiplicação dos patógenos internalizados na polpa das frutas durante armazenamento em refrigeração (8oC ) e temperatura ambiente (25oC). O estudo foi conduzido com as cepas S. Enteritidis ATCC 13076, S. Thyphimurium ATCC 14028, L. monocytogenes ATCC 7644 e L. monocytogenes Scott A. Inicialmente as cepas foram avaliadas segundo o índice de hidrofobicidade e capacidade de formação de biofilme em poliestireno. A adesão à superfície da manga foi avaliada por técnicas microbiológicas e também pela técnica de microscopia eletrônica de varredura. A internalização foi avaliada a partir de inoculação na cicatriz do pedúnculo (6 log UFC/mL) e após tratamento hidrotérmico e imersão em solução contaminada (6 log UFC/mL), mantidas a 8 °C e a 25 °C por 24h, 5 e 10 dias. A sobrevivência foi avaliada através da inoculação em região demarcada, em cenário de baixo (2 log UFC/mL) e alto nível de contaminação (6 log UFC/mL), a 8 °C e 25 °C, nos tempos 0, 1, 2, 3, 5 e 10 dias. A adesão foi observada nos dois patógenos, mesmo após sucessivas lavagens, com diferença significativa (p<0,05) após 1h de exposição e observou-se presença de estruturas exopolissacarídicas em diferentes tempos e condições de temperatura. A internalização ocorreu em todas as amostras avaliadas e a região do pedúnculo foi a mais afetada pela contaminação, diferindo significativamente na comparação com a região blossom end (p<0,05) a 8 °C e 25 °C. A sobrevivência foi observada nas duas temperaturas até o décimo dia. A multiplicação a 8°C foi significativamente mais baixa (p<0,05). Os resultados demonstraram que a Salmonella spp e L. monocytogenes são capazes de aderir à superfície, de internalizar e se alastrar pela polpa e ainda sobreviverem por períodos consideráveis, em 8 °C e 25 °C. Esses dados poderão auxiliar produtores e órgãos de saúde no desenvolvimento de avaliações quantitativas de risco e no estabelecimento de medidas adequadas para evitar surtos

Outbreaks of salmonellosis and listeriosis associated with the consumption of whole or minimally processed fruits occur frequently. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of spp. and Listeria monocytogenes to adhere and internalize in mangoes (Mangifera indica) variety Tommy Atkins, under different conditions of experimental contamination and hydrothermal treatment, as well as evaluate the multiplication of the internalized pathogens in the fruit pulp during storage under refrigeration (8oC) and room temperature (25oC). The study was conducted with the strains S. Enteritidis ATCC 13076, S. Thyphimurium ATCC 14028, L. monocytogenes ATCC 7644 and L. monocytogenes Scott A. Initially the strains were evaluated according to the hydrophobicity index and capability to form biofilms on polystyrene surface. Adhesion to the mango surface was evaluated by microbiological techniques and also by scanning electron microscopy. Internalization was evaluated by inoculating the peduncle scar (6 log CFU / mL) and immersion of the fruits in contaminated solution (6 log CFU / mL) after hydrothermal treatment, during storage at 8 °C and 25 °C for 24h, 5 and 10 days. Survival was assessed by inoculation in a demarcated region, using low (2 log CFU / mL) and high level of contamination (6 log CFU / mL), and storage at 8 °C and 25 °C during 0, 1, 2, 3, 5 and 10 days. Adhesion was observed for both pathogens, even after successive washes, with a significant difference (p <0.05) after 1 h of exposure. Adhesion was mediated by exopolysaccharide structures, observed at different times and temperature conditions. Internalization occurred in all samples and the peduncle region was the most affected by the contamination, differing significantly in comparison with the blossom end region (p <0.05) at 8 °C and 25 oC. Survival was observed at both temperatures until the tenth day. The multiplication at 8 °C was significantly lower than at 25 oC (p <0.05). The results showed that Salmonella spp and L. monocytogenes were able to adhere to the surface, to internalize and spread through the pulp and still survive for considerable periods, at 8 °C and 25 °C. This data may help producers and health agencies to develop quantitative risk assessments and to establish appropriate measures to prevent outbreaks

Psychometric Evaluation of the Thin-Ideal Internalization Scale (TIIS) for Brazilian Young Women / Avaliação Psicométrica da Thin-Ideal Internalization Scale (TIIS) para Jovens Brasileiras / Evaluación Psicométrica de la Thin-Ideal Internalization Scale (TIIS) para Mujeres Jóvenes Brasileñas

Abstract Internalization is an important dimension of body image, which can be assessed using the Thin-Ideal Internalization Scale (TIIS). This study aims to carry out the cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric assessment of the TIIS for young Brazilian women. A total of 448 young university women participated in the research (M age = 21.4 years; SD = 2.91). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, association with body dissatisfaction (Body Shape Questionnaire-8) and eating attitudes (Eating Attitudes Test-26), and assessment of reliability (internal consistency and test-retest) were performed. The instrument had its semantic, idiomatic, cultural and conceptual equivalences ensured. The factor analysis demonstrated the presence of three factors and satisfactory adjustment indexes. In addition, the scale showed adequate values for convergent validity and reliability. The final version of the TIIS (18 items) obtained adequate psychometric properties for the evaluation of the body-ideal internalization among Brazilian young women. We suggest new studies to prove the factor structure for other populations.

Resumo A internalização é uma importante dimensão da imagem corporal, que pode ser avaliada através da Thin-Ideal Internalization Scale (TIIS). O presente estudo teve como objetivo realizar a adaptação transcultural e a avaliação psicométrica da TIIS para jovens mulheres brasileiras. Participaram 448 jovens universitárias (M idade = 21.4 anos; DP = 2.91). Foram realizadas análise fatorial exploratória e confirmatória, associação com a insatisfação corporal (Body Shape Questionnaire-8) e atitudes alimentares (Eating Attitudes Test-26), e avaliação da confiabilidade (consistência interna e teste-reteste). O instrumento teve asseguradas suas equivalências semântica, idiomática, cultural e conceitual. A análise fatorial revelou presença de três fatores e índices de ajustamento satisfatórios. Além disso, a escala apresentou valores adequados para a validade convergente e confiabilidade. A versão final da TIIS (18 itens) apresentou adequadas qualidades psicométricas para a avaliação da internalização de padrões corporais ideais entre jovens brasileiras. Sugerem-se novos estudos que comprovem a estrutura fatorial para outras populações.

Resumen La internalización es una dimensión importante de la imagen corporal, que puede evaluarse utilizando la Thin-Ideal Internalization Scale (TIIS). El presente estudio tiene como objetivo realizar la adaptación transcultural y la evaluación psicométrica de la TIIS para mujeres jóvenes brasileñas. Participaron 448 jóvenes universitarias (M edad = 21.4 años; DP = 2.91). Se realizaron análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio, asociación con insatisfacción corporal (Body Shape Questionnaire-8) y actitudes alimentarias (Eating Attitudes Test-26), y evaluación de la confiabilidad (consistencia interna y prueba-reprueba). El instrumento tuvo aseguradas sus equivalencias semánticas, idiomáticas, culturales y conceptuales. El análisis factorial reveló la presencia de tres factores e índices de ajuste satisfactorios. Además, la escala mostró valores adecuados de validez convergente y confiabilidad. La versión final de la TIIS (18 ítems) obtuvo propiedades psicométricas adecuadas para la evaluación de la internalización del cuerpo ideal entre las jóvenes brasileñas. Se sugieren nuevos estudios para probar la estructura factorial a otras poblaciones.

Application of random forests regression in impact of family early disadvantaged risks on internalization problems in adolescents / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To investigate the relationship between the type of exposure to early family disadvantaged risks and internalization problems in adolescents.Methods:Totally 746 adolescents were assessed with family disadvantaged risk items and Chinese version of Achenbach youth self-report (YSR-CV). The Welch's ANOVA test and post-hoc test were used to compare the scores of three different risk factors on internalization problems.The independent sample t-test was adopted to compare the scores of internalization problems between experienced 5 or more kinds of risk factors and less than 5.Pearson correlation analysis was used to test the correlation between the number of family risk factors experienced and the scores of internalization problems.Random forest regression analysis was used to test the variable importance(VI) of the internalization problem. Results:The differences in anxiety/depression and withdrawal scores between higher or lower-level risks group were significant ( P<0.05). The scores of adolescents with five or more adverse experiences on anxiety/depression(7.7±3.5), withdrawal (8.8±4.0) and physical problems(4.1±3.7) were higher than those with fewer than five risk factors(5.5±3.8), (6.7±3.4), (2.6±3.6). The cumulative family disadvantaged risk items was positively correlated with anxiety/depression( r=0.29, P<0.01), withdrawal( r=0.29, P<0.01), and physical symptoms ( r=0.26, P<0.01). The most important factor associated with anxiety/depression(VI=0.84, P=0.002; VI=0.56, P=0.022), withdrawal(VI=0.58, P=0.013; VI=0.89, P=0.001), and physical symptoms was marital relationship of parents and health status of family members. Conclusion:The parents’ marital relationship and health status of family members are the specific factors that influence the internalization problems, and the higher the level of risk adolescents experience, the more likely they are to develop internalization problems.

O estudo concreto da atenção e seu desenvolvimento em contexto escolar / The concrete study of attention and development in schools

Diante da necessidade da superação de propostas organicistas e medicalizantes para a compreensão de supostos transtornos neurobiológicos relacionados a queixas de desatenção e hiperatividade/impulsividade, lançou-se mão neste artigo de referenciais do materialismo histórico-dialético e psicologia histórico-cultural, objetivando sistematizar a organização metodológica desenvolvida na tese de doutorado de Ferracioli (2018), no sentido de um estudo empírico no campo da psicologia concreta. Através de experimento formativo com coleta de dados em campo junto a alunos/as e professoras do segundo ano do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola municipal, identificou-se os determinantes pedagógicos responsáveis por melhor promover o desenvolvimento da atenção voluntária em contexto escolar. No entanto, o foco deste artigo está direcionado para os procedimentos elaborados para esta investigação, apresentados em três momentos fundamentais: empírico, abstrato e concreto. Os resultados indicaram que a atenção voluntária é consequência do ensino, observando-se significativa ampliação das capacidades atencionais e escolares dos sujeitos participantes, o que permitiu ao pesquisador constatar, no cerne dessas mudanças, a centralidade do processo de internalização de signos/conteúdos na atividade de estudo, assim como indicar formas de organização do ensino mais apropriadas ao desenvolvimento da atenção voluntária. Por fim, a partir dos resultados, fez-se uma crítica à cientificidade de concepções organicistas e medicalizantes em educação.

Faced with the need to overcome organicist and medicalizing proposals for the understanding of supposed neurobiological disorders related to complaints of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsiveness, this article uses references from historical-dialectic materialism and historical-cultural psychology, aiming to systematize the methodological organization developed in Ferracioli's (2018) doctoral thesis, in the sense of an empirical study in the field of concrete psychology. Through a formative experiment with data collection in the field with students and teachers of the second year of elementary school in a municipal school, we identified the pedagogical determinants responsible for better promoting the development of voluntary attention in a school context. However, the focus of this article directed to the procedures developed for this investigation, presented in three fundamental moments: empirical, abstract and concrete. The results indicated voluntary attention is a consequence of teaching. We observed a significant increase in the attentional and school capacities of the participating subjects, which allowed the researcher to verify, at the core of these changes, the centrality of the process of internalization of signs/contents in the study activity. In addition, we could indicate ways of organizing teaching more appropriate to the development of voluntary attention. Finally, based on the results, we performed a critique on the scientificity of organicist and medicalizing conceptions in education.

La poesía como herramienta didáctica para promover el bienestar personal y social a través de la interiorización y del uso educativo del haiku / Poetry as a teaching tool to promote personal and social welfare through interiorizationand the educational use of haiku

La poesía es un elemento excepcional para promover el bienestar personal y social. Esto se debe a sus posibilidades como recurso didáctico. Es un género que promueve movimientos de intensión y extensión para poder entendernos mejor a nosotros mismos, a los otros y el mundo que nos rodea. Por todo ello, el docente puede hacer uso de recursos poéticos en sus clases a la hora de despertar la atención de sus alumnos en relación a diversos entornos que han de interpretar y comprender de la mejor manera posible. Esto redundará en una mejora del bienestar propio y ajeno. En particular, el uso del haiku como recurso poético nos parece adecuado para lograr tales metas pues es una tipología de poema de especial intensidad y claridad por sus convenciones genéricas.

Poetry is an exceptional element to promote personal and social welfare. This is due to its possibilities as a teaching tool. It is a genre which promotes intensional and extensional motions in order to reach a better understanding of ourselves, the othersand the world around us. Thus, teachers can use poetic resources in their classes in order to awake their students? attention in relation to the different environments they should interpret and understand as well as possible. This will offer an improvement in both their own welfare and the others?. In particular, the use of haiku as a poetic resource can be considered appropriate to reach these goals since it is a very intense and clear typology of poetry due to its own generic conventions.

Translation, Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of SATAQ-4R for Brazilian Children

Abstract Background The Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire (SATAQ) is one of the most investigated instruments for the evaluation of sociocultural pressure and internalization of the beauty standard, and it is considered to be one of the most robust instruments for this purpose. The most recent version of this questionnaire is the SATAQ-4R, originally designed for adults and teenagers, which has been used in different countries, contexts, and populations. The cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the SATAQ-4R for Brazilian children are appropriate and necessary. Objective The general objective of this study was to translate, adapt, and verify the psychometric qualities of the SATAQ-4R for Brazilian girls and boys aged between 7 and 11 years old.Methods: Study 1 describes the cross-cultural adaptation, from the translation stage to the pretest in children of both sexes (n = 36, M = 8.76, SD = 1.59 years). SATAQ-4R has been demonstrated to be easily understood by Brazilian children. Studies 2 and 3 analyze the psychometric qualities of such an instrument in 566 girls (M = 9.18, SD = 1.23 years) and in 592 boys (M = 9.18, SD = 1.23), respectively. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses have been performed with independent samples. Results Both instruments presented factor structures composed of five factors, good reliability, and convergent validity. Conclusion We concluded that SATAQ-4R-Female and SATAQ-4R-Male are useful tools for evaluating the internalization of beauty standards and of sociocultural pressure on Brazilian children.

Dès les relations avec les parents à la relation conjugale: la continuité et la discontinuité des modèles d'attachement / Do relacionamento com os pais para o relacionamento romântico: continuidade e descontinuidade dos modelos de apego / From the relationship with parents to the romantic relationship: continuity and discontinuity of attachment models / De la relación con los padres para la relación romántica: continuidad y discontinuidad de los modelos de apego

Résumé Le but de cette étude a été de vérifier la relation entre les représentations d'attachement vis-à-vis des parents et aux partenaires lors des situations de stress relationnel. Un entretien semi-structuré focalisé sur les représentations d'attachement a repéré les représentations d'attachement des figures d'attachement de soixante adultes. Les résultats ont indiqué une certaine similitude entre les représentations d'attachement par rapport aux parents et les représentations d'attachement associées aux partenaires des individus qui ont vécu des situations de stress relationnel. Cette similitude a été plus systématique vis-à-vis de la mère et au premier partenaire amoureux. Il semble que, lorsque l'insécurité d'attachement par rapport aux parents et partenaires prévaut, les représentations d'attachement des relations vécues avec les parents peuvent être éveillées à l'occasion de stress relationnel.

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a relação entre representações de apego aos pais e parceiros amorosos quando situações relacionais estressantes emergem. Uma entrevista semi-estruturada focada em representações de apego foi utilizada com sessenta adultos. Os resultados indicaram uma certa semelhança entre as representações de apego em relação aos pais e aos parceiros amorosos que viviam stress relacional. Esta semelhança foi mais sistematica em relação a mãe e o primeiro parceiro amoroso. Parece que, quando a insegurança do apego aos pais e parceiros prevalece, as representações de apego internalizadas desde as relações vividas com os pais podem ser reativadas por ocasião da experiência de stress relacional.

The purpose of this study was to verify the relationship between attachment representations associated to parents and romantic partners when experiencing relational stress. A semi-structured interview focused on attachment representations was used for this purpose and was applied to sixty adults. The results indicated similarities between attachment representations regarding to parents and to individuals experiencing stress within their romantic relationship. These similarities were more systematic among representations associated with mothers and with the first significant partners. It seems that, when insecurity of attachment was internalized from parental relationship, this pattern could be reactivated on romantic relationships.

El propósito de este estudio fue verificar la relación entre las representaciones de apego a los padres y los parejas amorosas cuando sugen situaciones emocionales estresantes. Una entrevista semiestructurada se centró en las representaciones de apego en relación a las figuras de apego de sessenta adultos. Los resultados indican una cierta similitud entre las representaciones de apego a los padres y parejas de las personas que vivieron estrés relacional. Esta semejanza fue más sistemáticamente entre la madre y la primera pareja romántica. Parece que, cuando prevalece la inseguridad del apego a los padres y parejas, las representaciones de apego internalizadas desde la relación con los padres puede volver a se despertar en una relación amorosa especialmente cuando la pareja vive situaciones de estrés relacional.

El concepto dialéctico de internalización en Vygotski: aproximaciones a un debate / O conceito dialético de internalização em Vygotsky: aproxima-se de um debate / Vygotski's dialectic concept of internalization: approaches to an debate

Resumen El artículo presenta algunos aspectos centrales del debate contemporáneo en torno a la noción de internalización de L. S. Vygotski, intentando una lectura coherente con las premisas teóricas y epistemológicas de la tradición histórico-cultural. Se argumenta que en el corazón de la crítica a la noción de internalización -basada en señalar su dualismo- subyacen supuestos igualmente dualistas, que determinan interpretaciones alejadas de la noción de internalización genuinamente vygotskiana, arraigada ésta en la filosofía de tradición dialéctica. Se defiende que es necesario reconocer esta dimensión filosófico-epistemológica para llegar a una noción de internalización que permita tanto superar el dualismo, como constituirse en herramienta útil para el tratamiento de diversos problemas en psicología.

Abstract The article presents some central aspects of the contemporary debate on the L.S. Vygotski's notion of internalization, attempting a coherent reading with the theoretical and epistemological premises of the historical-cultural tradition. It is argued that at the heart of the critique of the notion of internalization - based on its dualism - underlies equally dualistic assumptions, which determine interpretations that are far from the genuinely vygotskian notion of internalization, rooted in the dialectical philosophy. It is proposed that it is necessary to recognize this philosophical-epistemological dimension to arrive at a notion of internalization that allows both to overcome the dualism, and to become a useful tool for the treatment of several problems in psychology.

Resumo O artigo apresenta alguns aspectos centrais do debate contemporâneo em torno da noção de internalização de L. S. Vygotsky, tentando ler coerentemente as premissas teóricas e epistemológicas da tradição histórico-cultural. Argumenta-se que, no centro da crítica da noção de internalização, baseada em apontar seu dualismo - subjacente a pressupostos igualmente dualistas, que determinam as interpretações para longe da noção de internalização genuinamente vygotskana, enraizada na filosofia da tradição dialética. Defende-se que é necessário reconhecer essa dimensão filosófico-epistemológica para chegar a uma noção de internalização que permita tanto superar o dualismo como se tornar uma ferramenta útil para o tratamento de vários problemas na psicologia.

Preparation and in vitro evaluation of redox-sensitive polypeptide vector for co-delivery of gene and chemotherapeutic drugs / 第二军医大学学报

Objective To prepare a lipoic acid (LA) modified intrinsically disordered protein-cytosol-localizing internalization peptide 6 (CL) nanocomplex (LA-CL) entering cells by non-endocytosis mechanism for co-delivery of gene and chemotherapeutic drugs, and to investigate its transfection efficiency and cellular uptake on human embryonic kidney cell line HEK293 cells and its release behavior in vitro. Methods We synthesized four disulfide cross-linked lipoic acid modified LA-CLss(1-4) at different cross-linked degrees using different mass fractions (2.5%, 5%, 10% and 20%) of cysteine as cross-linking agent. The construction of LA-CLss was characterized by1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1HNMR) and gel permeation chromatography. The LA-CLss/plasmid enhanced green fluorescent protein (pEGFP) nanocomplexes were self-assembled with LA-CLss and pEGFP at different nitrogen/phosphorus (N/P) ratios (2.5, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80). The size and zeta potential of LA-CLss/pEGFP nanocomplexes were determined by particle size analyzer, and the pEGFP enrichment capacity of LA-CLss was determined by agarose gel electrophoresis. The docetaxel (DTX)-loaded micelles were prepared by ultrasonic emulsification, and the critical micelle concentration of LA-CLss3 was determined by pyrene fluorescence probe spectroscopy. The LA-CLss/pEGFP nanocomplexes were co-cultured with HEK293 cells, and the transfection efficiencies of LA-CLss/pEGFP nanocomplexes at different cross-linked degrees were investigated. Results1 HNMR results showed the LA-CLss was successfully synthesized. When N/P ratio was 40, the transfection efficiency of LA-CLss3/pEGFP nanocomplex by HEK293 cells was significantly higher than that of LA-CL/pEGFP, LA-CLss1/pEGFP, LA-CLss2/pEGFP and LA-CLss4 nanocomplexes. The encapsulation efficiency and drug loading of docetaxel-loaded micelles prepared by ultrasonic emulsification were (85.25±0.04)% and (8.81±0.02)%, respectively. Cellular uptake test showed that the gene could be effectively delivered into the HEK293 cells by the LA-CLss micelles. In vitro release experiments showed that the LA-CLss micelles had redox-responsive drug release behavior. Conclusion The prepared LA-CLss/DTX/pEGFP nanocomplex is expected to become an efficient vector for co-delivery of gene and chemotherapeutic drugs.

Mechanism and influencing factors of Lgr5 in intestinal stem cells / 医学研究生学报

The leucine repeat-rich G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (Lgr5), which expressed at the bottom of the crypt, not only acts as a marker of intestinal stem cells, but also induces cytonemes for transfering signaling effectors by internalization, influences proliferation by Wnt /β-catenin pathway, and promotes cytoskeletal structure, cell adhesion of intestinal stem cells（ISCs） via the IQGAP1. In addition, Lgr5 can be affected by the regulation of IL-1β、IL-22、miR-100-5p and others. Besides, intestinal microbiota change the localization of Lgr5+ cells in cript to induce apoptosis increased. Therefore，Lgr5 is influenced by many factors, which may play an important role in the proliferation, differentiation and stability of ISCs.

Photochemical internalization and its application in gene delivery / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

The translation of gene therapy from bench to bedside depends on efficient intracellular gene delivery. The macromolecular biologics such as gene combined with vectors tend to enter into the cells by means of endocytosis, where the biologics may encounter the risk of degradation in endo-lysosome. Recently, photochemical internalization (PCI) has emerged as a promising technique to overcome endo-lysosomal sequestration, which utilizes photosensitizer and light resulting in reactive oxygen species at sub-lethal level to destruct biofilm and facilitate intracellular drug delivery. In this article, the mechanism of PCI technology and its development for gene delivery were reviewed, which can provide the scientific basis for the possible utilization of PCI to solve the problem of endo-lysosomal escape in gene delivery.

Photochemical internalization and its application in gene delivery / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

The translation of gene therapy from bench to bedside depends on efficient intracellular gene delivery. The macromolecular biologics such as gene combined with vectors tend to enter into the cells by means of endocytosis, where the biologics may encounter the risk of degradation in endolysosome. Recently, photochemical internalization (PCI) has emerged as a promising technique to overcome endo-lysosomal sequestration, which utilizes photosensitizer and light resulting in reactive oxygen species at sub-lethal level to destruct biofilm and facilitate intracellular drug delivery. In this article, the mechanism of PCI technology and its development for gene delivery were reviewed, which can provide the scientific basis for the possible utilization of PCI to solve the problem of endo-lysosomal escape in gene delivery.

Eating disorder symptomatology: Comparative study between Mexican and Canadian university women / Sintomatología de trastornos alimentarios: Estudio comparativo entre mujeres universitarias mexicanas y canadienses

Abstract The objectives of this study were: (1) to compare Mexican and Canadian university students regarding disordered eating behaviors (DEB), body thin-ideal internalization (BTHIN), and body image dissatisfaction (BID); and (2) to examine the relationship of these three variables to body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). This cross-cultural study was carried out in a sample of 129 university women students aged from 18 to 25 years (M = 20.18, SD =1.59): 52% were Canadian (Moncton University [MU]) and 48% were Mexican (Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo [UAEH]). The Brief Questionnaire for Disordered Eating Behaviors and Attitudes Towards Body Figure Questionnaire were applied while the BID was evaluated using a continuum of nine silhouettes. In addition, the weight, height and WC of each participant were recorded. Mexican students had greater values of overweight, obesity, abdominal obesity and DEB, with 4.6 times greater risk than UM students. In contrast, the presence of BTHIN and BID was similar between samples. Considering these findings, women from at least two different ethnic groups are vulnerable to the development of eating disorder symptomatology.

Resumen Los objetivos de este estudio fueron: 1) comparar entre estudiantes universitarias mexicanas vs. canadienses respecto a conductas alimentarias de riesgo (CAR), interiorización de la figura corporal delgada (IFCD) e insatisfacción con la imagen corporal (ISC); y 2) examinar la relación de esas tres variables con el índice de masa corporal (IMC) y la circunferencia de cintura (CC). En este estudio transcultural participaron 129estudiantes universitarias de 18 a 25 años de edad (M = 20.18, DE =1.59): 52% canadienses (Universidad de Moncton [UM]) y 48% mexicanas (Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo [UAEH]). Fueron aplicados el Cuestionario Breve para medir Conductas Alimentarias de Riesgo y el Attitudes Towards Body Figure Questionnaire, mientras que la ISC se evaluó mediante un continuo de nueve siluetas. Además se registró el peso, la talla y la CC de cada participante. Las estudiantes mexicanas registraron significativamente mayor presencia de sobrepeso, obesidad, obesidad abdominal y CAR, con 4.6 veces mayor riesgo que las estudiantes de la UM. Por el contrario, la presencia de IFCD y de ISC fue similar entre las muestras. Con base en estos hallazgos se puede concluir que las mujeres de dos grupos étnicos diferentes son vulnerables al desarrollo de sintomatología de trastornos alimentarios.

Expression, purification and biological effect of a novel single chain Fv antibody and protamine fusion protein for the targeted delivery of siRNAs to FGFR3 positive cancer cells

Background: Gain-of-function of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) is involved in the pathogenesis of many tumors. More and more studies have focused on the potential usage of therapeutic single-chain Fv (ScFv) antibodies against FGFR3. RNA interference (RNAi) has been considered as a promising therapeutic method against cancer. A tool which can deliver small interference RNAs (siRNAs) into FGFR3 positive cancer cells is very promising for anti-tumor therapy. Results: In this study, a novel fusion protein R3P, which consists of FGFR3-ScFv and protamine, was generated in Escherichia coli by inclusion body expression strategy and Ni-NTA chromatography. Its yield reached 10 mg per liter of bacterial culture and its purity was shown to be higher than 95%. 1 µg of R3P could efficiently bind to about 2.5 pmol siRNAs and deliver siRNAs into FGFR3 positive RT112 and K562 cells. Annexin V staining results showed that R3P can deliver the amplified breast cancer 1 (AIB1) siRNAs to induce RT112 cell apoptosis. Conclusion: These results indicated that R3P was a promising carrier tool to deliver siRNAs into FGFR3 positive cancer cells and to exert anti-tumor effect.

Study on the Path to Improve Medical Students'Humanistic Quality Based on the Internalization Process / 中国医学伦理学

The formation of medical students' humanistic quality is a process of internalization.Referred to the different conditions that needed in different stages of internalization'process,medical humanistic education should be long-term and focus on practice.In terms of medical students,they should understand and control the existing knowledge structures of humanities,actively absorb the knowledge and theory of medical humanities,have the innovation consciousness and awareness of self-improvement,ultimately to improve the humanistic quality.